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WASHINGTON —U.S. security officials are bracing for an onslaught of fast-paced influence operations, from a wide range of adversaries, aimed at impacting the country's coming presidential election.
FBI Director Christopher Wray issued the latest warning about attempts to meddle with American voters as they decide whom to support when they go to the polls come November, telling a meeting of security professional Thursday that technologies such as artificial intelligence are already altering the threat landscape.
"This election cycle, the U.S. will face more adversaries moving at a faster pace and enabled by new technology," Wray said.
"Advances in generative AI [artificial intelligence], for instance, are lowering the barrier to entry, making it easier for both more and less sophisticated foreign adversaries to engage in malign influence while making foreign influence efforts by players both old and new, more realistic and more difficult to detect," he said.
The warning echoes concerns raised earlier in the week by a top lawmaker and by the White House, both singling out Russia.
"I worry that we are less prepared for foreign intervention in our elections in 2024 than we were in 2020," said Mark Warner, the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, during a cybersecurity conference on Tuesday.
On Sunday, White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan told NBC's "Meet the Press" there is "plenty of reason to be concerned."
"There is a history here in presidential elections by the Russian Federation, by its intelligence services," Sullivan said.
U.S. intelligence agencies concluded Russia sought to interfere in both the 2016 and 2020 elections.
But Russia has not been alone.
A declassified intelligence assessment looking at the 2022 midterm elections concluded with high to moderate confidence that Russia was joined by China and Iran in seeking to sway the outcome.
"China tacitly approved efforts to try to influence a handful of midterm races involving members of both U.S. political parties," the report said.
"Tehran relied primarily on its intelligence services and Iran-based online influencers to conduct its covert operations," it said. "Iran's influence activities reflected its intent to exploit perceived social divisions and undermine confidence in U.S. democratic institutions during this election cycle."
The United States has also alleged other adversaries, such as Cuba, Venezuela and Lebanese Hezbollah, have sought to influence elections, as have allies, such as Turkey and Saudi Arabia.
The warnings from Wray and others are encountering pushback from some lawmakers and conservative commentators who view such statements as an attempt to resurrect what they call the "Russia hoax" - saying the narrative that Russia interfered in the 2016 U.S. presidential election to help former President Donald Trump win is without merit.
Warner, however, dismissed that view in response to a question from VOA on the sidelines of Tuesday's security conference. "Anyone who doesn't think the Russian intel services have and will continue to interfere in our elections ... I wonder where they're getting their information to start with," he said.
Wray on Thursday suggested the list of countries and other foreign groups seeking to influence U.S. voters is set to expand. "AI is most useful for what I would call kind of mediocre bad guys and making them kind of like intermediate," he said.
"The really sophisticated adversaries are using AI more just to increase the speed and scale of their efforts," he said. "But we are coming towards a day very soon where what I would call the experts, the most sophisticated adversaries, are going to find ways to use AI to be even more elite."
Some private cybersecurity firms also see the danger growing.
This past September, Microsoft warned that Beijing has developed a new artificial intelligence capability that can produce "eye-catching content" more likely to go viral compared to previous Chinese influence operations.
Others agree.
"Whether it's robocalls, whether it's fake videos - all those things really even back to 2022, weren't as prevalent," Trellix CEO Bryan Palma told VOA. "You weren't going to get any high-quality type of deepfake video.
"I think you're going to see more and more of that as we get closer to the election," he said.