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President Joe Biden will address the U.N. General Assembly in New York Wednesday morning, where he will highlight U.S. efforts to strengthen global food security, replenish the Global Fund to fight AIDS and other pandemics, tackle supply chain issues and the climate crisis.
In his speech, Biden will highlight Russia's aggression in Ukraine, national security adviser Jake Sullivan told reporters Tuesday.
"He'll offer a firm rebuke of Russia's unjust war in Ukraine and make a call to the world to continue to stand against the naked aggression that we've seen these past several months," Sullivan said. "He will underscore the importance of strengthening the United Nations and reaffirm core tenets of its charter at a time when a permanent member of the Security Council has struck at the very heart of the charter by challenging the principle of territorial integrity and sovereignty."
In response to VOA's question, Sullivan said Biden will "speak substantively" to the question of reforming the Security Council, where Russia is a permanent member.
"Whether he does so publicly or whether he communicates privately with the secretary- general and others, we're still working through today," Sullivan said.
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On Friday, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Linda Thomas-Greenfield said that while leaders will not ignore Ukraine, the gathering will not be dominated by it.
"We know that as this horrible war rages across Ukraine, we cannot ignore the rest of the world. There are conflicts taking place elsewhere," she told reporters.
Greenfield outlined three U.S. priorities for the General Assembly: addressing global food insecurity; advancing global health and global health security; upholding the U.N. Charter and shaping the future of the United Nations.
"We believe this is a moment to defend the United Nations and to demonstrate to the world that it can still take the world's most pressing global challenges on," she said.
Observers say Biden will seek to balance U.S. and European allies' interests of supporting Ukraine and isolating Russia, with the myriad problems faced by the rest of the world.
"The U.S. and its allies will be trying to convince non-Western countries that while there is a very strong focus on Russia's war on Ukraine, the West also cares about the global food crisis and [it] becoming [a] global recession, and what that will do to the developing world," Richard Gowan, U.N. director at the International Crisis Group told VOA.
Gowan said that during the early phase of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Western diplomats demanded support for Ukraine from their African and Asian counterparts but did not hear their concerns about food security and the economic shocks linked to this war.
"Now, the U.S. and the Europeans are really trying to send the message that they are sympathetic to the developing world's economic concerns, and that they will work to address those concerns," he said.
Food and health security
Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, exports of food and fertilizer from the region have been disrupted, pushing post-pandemic food prices even higher. Some 828 million people go to bed hungry every night, according to the World Food Program.
The world is now not on track to achieve the U.N. goal of zero hunger by 2030, said Rob Vos, economist at the International Food Policy Research Institute.
"We need to invest a lot more in agriculture and food systems or particularly, to change things around in food systems such that they become more inclusive so that poor people can reap more benefits from it, that food prices stay low so that they're accessible, and that production becomes more resilient and sustainable," Vos told VOA.
U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken will co-host a food security summit on the sidelines of the General Assembly Tuesday. On Wednesday, Biden will host a conference on the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The U.S. has given $2 billion out of the $6 billion committed, to meet the $18 billion needed globally.
"As COVID-19 reminded us, global health threats do not respect borders. We must tackle COVID-19, monkeypox and other outbreaks and we must do it together," Thomas-Greenfield said.
Security Council reform
The U.S. will seek to advance efforts to reform the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), including "forging consensus around sensible and credible proposals to expand Security Council membership," Thomas-Greenfield said.
The UNSC is composed of five permanent members with veto rights - China, France, Russia, the U.S., and the U.K., and 10 non-permanent members elected by UNGA.
While UNSC reform is a decadeslong recurring narrative at the world body, the U.S. has only recently said that it wants to work on it, Gowan said.
"I don't think the Biden administration has a very clear plan for what sort of reforms he would like to see to the U.N. Charter," Gowan said. "But since Russia's assaults on Ukraine in February, a lot of diplomats in New York have been asking if this organization is fit for [its] purpose, and the U.S. is responding to that general sense that you do need some reforms to the U.N. in light of this conflict."
Gowan added that by showing it's open to reform, the Biden administration can corner China and Russia by highlighting their reluctance to reform the council where they have the right to veto important decisions on global security.
Thomas-Greenfield noted that the U.S. has and will continue to refrain from wielding its veto power except in "rare, extraordinary" circumstances. "Since 2009, Russia has cast 26 vetoes, 12 of which they were joined with China, and the U.S. has only used our veto four times since 2009," she said.
She said Biden will consult with other leaders during the assembly's high-level session to reach consensus on expanding the council.
Observers say prospects of UNSC reform are dim. A key point of contention is whether new permanent seats should be created and whether they should have veto power. Proposals are under discussion to create a new category of permanent members without veto rights.