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DUBAI - Iran and world powers have made some progress on how to revive the 2015 nuclear accord later abandoned by the United States, and an interim deal could be a way to gain time for a lasting settlement, Iranian officials said on Monday.
Tehran and the world powers have been meeting in Vienna since early April to work on steps that must be taken, touching on U.S. sanctions and Iran's breaches of the deal, to bring back Tehran and Washington into full compliance with the accord.
"We are on the right track, and some progress has been made, but this does not mean that the talks in Vienna have reached the final stage," Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh told a weekly news conference in Tehran.
"Practical solutions are still far away, but we have moved from general words to agreeing on specific steps towards the goal," Mikhail Ulyanov, Russia's ambassador to the U.N. nuclear watchdog agency (IAEA), tweeted on Monday.
U.S. President Joe Biden's administration, which took office in January pledging to rejoin the deal, has said it is ready to remove "all sanctions that are inconsistent" with the accord, but it has not spelled out which measures it means.
Iran's clerical establishment has said it will not return to strict observance of the 2015 agreement unless all sanctions reimposed or added by former President Donald Trump after he ditched the accord in 2018 are rescinded first.
Diplomats say sequenced steps by each side may offer a solution, while Iranian officials told Reuters the high-stakes talks in Vienna might yield an interim deal to give space to diplomacy on a lasting settlement.
"The May deadline is approaching. ... What is being discussed in Vienna for the near term is the main outlines of an interim deal to give all sides more time to resolve complicated technical issues," said an Iranian official.
He referred to a law passed by Iran's hard-line-dominated Parliament that obliges the government to harden its nuclear stance if sanctions are not lifted.
The law mandated an end to short-notice U.N. nuclear inspections from February 21, but Tehran and the IAEA agreed to keep up "necessary" monitoring for up to three months.
Iran's top nuclear negotiator Abbas Araqchi told Iranian state media that "there is no discussion on an interim agreement or similar topics in the Vienna talks."
However, another Iranian official said that if a political agreement was reached on technical steps to remove all sanctions, Tehran might suspend enrichment to 20% purity in return for a release of blocked Iranian funds in other countries.
Iran says $20 billion of its oil revenue has been frozen in countries such as South Korea, Iraq and China under the U.S. sanctions regime since 2018.
"Unblocking Iran's funds is a good start. An interim deal will give us time to work on removal of all sanctions on Iran," the second Iranian official said.
Asked for comment, a U.S. State Department spokesman said talks were continuing in Vienna and that the U.S. team "has been exploring concrete approaches concerning the steps both Iran and the U.S. would need to take to return to mutual compliance."
"The discussions have been thorough and thoughtful, if indirect. ... There have been no breakthroughs, but we did not expect this process to be easy or quick," he added, saying the delegations were expected to return home for consultations at some point, but he did not know when.
Beyond the sanctions reimposed in 2018, Trump added new ones, including classifying Iran's elite Revolutionary Guards as a terrorist group and designating Iran's Central Bank over allegations of terrorist financing.
EU sees goodwill to save 2015 deal
The European Union's top diplomat, Josep Borrell, said he saw a willingness to save the 2015 deal, citing progress at the Vienna talks.
"I think that both parties are really interested in reaching an agreement, and they have been moving from general to more focused issues, which are clearly, on one side sanction-lifting, and on the other side, nuclear implementation issues," he said.
Iran has violated the deal's nuclear limits since Washington withdrew, recently raising uranium enrichment to 20% fissile purity, a significant step toward bomb-grade material.
The 2015 pact capped the level of enrichment purity at 3.67% - suitable for generating civilian nuclear energy.
Complicating Biden's aim of rejoining the deal, Tehran last week launched enrichment to 60% purity at its main Natanz plant after a damaging blast there that it blamed on sabotage by Israel, which opposes diplomacy with Iran.
Around 90% fissile purity is needed for a nuclear explosive. Tehran has repeatedly denied seeking to weaponize enrichment, though Western intelligence services and the IAEA believe it once had a covert atom bomb program that was shelved in 2003.